سبحن الرّزّاق

I’m learning pieces of Al-Ajurmiyah through an online class on YouTube from Makeen104 (http://www.youtube.com/user/MAKEEN104). This is part of the text in Arabic and English, as typed by me, so forgive the sloppy Arabic typing. The English is not the literal translation, but the meaning of the text with regard to grammar. The footnotes should provide more of the lesson. I’ll add more as I go through the class insh’a allah.

انّ الكلام عند نا فلتستمع
لفظٌ مُركّبٌ مُفيدٌ قدْ وُضِعَ
اقْسامُهُ التي علَيها يُغنَى اسمٌ و فعلٌ ثُمَ حرفُ مَعنَ
فا لاسمُ بِالخَفضِ و بِالتّنْوِينِ اوْ دُخُولِ ال يُعرَفُ فاقفُو ا ماقَفَو
و بحروف الخفض و هِيَ مِن إلى و عن و في و رُبَّ و باء و على و الكافُ و لامُ و اوُ و تا و مُذ و مُنذُ و لَعلَ حتَّى
و الفِعَلُ بِاسِينِ سَوفَ وَ بِقَد
فا عَلَم وَ تا التَّنِيث مَيزَهُ وَ رَد

“Verily if you want to know what speech is according to us (the Arabic grammarians) then listen up.”

“It is a sound spit off the tongue, has two words or more, is not leaving the listener waiting for more to complete the meaning, and is already intended and in Arabic form.”(1)

“Its parts that it is built upon is the noun (al-ismu) and the verb (al-fi’alu) then the letter (al-harfu) that has a meaning.”

“Then the noun is with kasra at the end (a fi’al and a harf will never have a kasra at the end) and with the tanween (kasratan, dhamatan, and fahtatan only used on an ismu and they function as an indefinite article, like ‘a’ and ‘an’ in English) or with ‘al’ (the definite article ‘the’) … “

“And the harf-ul-khafdhi (the letter connectors that change an ismun’s last letter to a kasra) are min (from), ‘ila (to), ‘an (pass by, through), fee (in), rubba (maybe), bi (with), ‘ala (upon), ka (similar to something), la (for, ownership), wa and ta (to swear by), muth (since), muntha (since longer time), la’ala (perhaps), Hatta (many meanings, still, until, even…).”(2)

“Then the verb (fi’alu) is with seen (sa), sofa and with qad. Then know that and the feminine “ta” …”(3)

(1) Literally murakkabun means something riding something else, i.e. two words or more. 

Mufeedun means something beneficial, i.e. the listener is not waiting for more words to understand the speech. For example “When Joe comes” is not mufeedun because the listener doesn’t understand anything from these words. “When Joe comes, we’ll eat” is mufeedun.

Qad wudhi’a means “already placed” and in grammar refers to the speech being intended (the speaker is not sleeping, drunk, in the throws of death, etc.) and being in Arabic form.

(2) See how the haroof-ul-khafdhi changes the last letter of the ismu (the noun): 

ismu = an ismun that means “name” (also means noun)
bi = a harfun that means “with”

bi + ismu = bismi <– the last letter changes from a dammah (u) to a kasra (i)

Also check out “wallahi”, to swear by God:

Allahu = an ismun that means “God”
wa = a harfun that is used to swear by something
wa + Allahu = wallahi <– the last letter changes from a dammah (u) to a kasra (i)

(3) Put seen “sa” before a verb to show that something will happen more immediately in the future. Put “sofa” before a verb to show that something will happen in the future, but not so immediately (when used in Quran it is referring to the hereafter). 

Put “qad” in front of a verb to show something already happened or is so close to happening it has basically already happened. “Qad qamatis salah.” “The prayer has already begun.”

Put “ta” at the end of a verb to make it feminine.